Linux NFS服务 服务端

iyut

[iyunv@zyl /]# cat /etc/redhat-release       #########查看系统
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
[iyunv@zyl /]# uname -m                      #########查看系统是32位还是64位。这里是64位
x86_64
[iyunv@zyl /]# uname -r                      #########查看内核版本
2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
[iyunv@zyl /]# rpm -aq nfs-utils portmap rpcbind    #########检查系统是否安装nfs portmap rpcbind
[iyunv@zyl /]# yum grouplist                 #########查看可能批量安装哪些列表。扩展：yum grouplist 列出所有可安装的软件包
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Group Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
base                                | 3.7 kB     00:05   
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6. ... epodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6. ... epodata/repomd.xml: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1 bytes/sec transfered the last 30 seconds')
Trying other mirror.
extras                              | 3.4 kB     00:00     
extras/primary_db                   |  37 kB     00:00     
updates                             | 3.4 kB     00:00     
updates/primary_db                  | 748 kB     00:00     
base/group_gz                       | 226 kB     00:00     
Installed Groups:
   Base
   Compatibility libraries
   Debugging Tools
   Development tools
   Dial-up Networking Support
   E-mail server
   Fonts
   Graphical Administration Tools
   Hardware monitoring utilities
   Legacy UNIX compatibility
   Networking Tools
   Performance Tools
   Perl Support
   Scientific support
   Security Tools
   Web Server
Installed Language Groups:
   Arabic Support [ar]
   Armenian Support [hy]
   Georgian Support [ka]
   Hebrew Support [he]
   Inuktitut Support [iu]
   Lao Support [lo]
   Tajik Support [tg]
Available Groups:
   Additional Development
   Backup Client
   Backup Server
   CIFS file server
   Client management tools
   Console internet tools
   Desktop
   Desktop Debugging and Performance Tools
   Desktop Platform
   Desktop Platform Development
   Directory Client
   Directory Server
   Eclipse
   Emacs
   FCoE Storage Client
   FTP server
   General Purpose Desktop
   Graphics Creation Tools
   Guest Agents
   High Availability
   High Availability Management
   Identity Management Server
   Infiniband Support
   Input Methods
   Internet Applications
   Internet Browser
   Java Platform
   KDE Desktop
   Large Systems Performance
   Legacy X Window System compatibility
   Load Balancer
   Mainframe Access
   Messaging Client Support
   MySQL Database client
   MySQL Database server
   NFS file server
   Network Infrastructure Server
   Network Storage Server
   Network file system client
   Office Suite and Productivity
   PHP Support
   PostgreSQL Database client
   PostgreSQL Database server
   Print Server
   Printing client
   Remote Desktop Clients
   Resilient Storage
   Ruby Support
   SNMP Support
   Scalable Filesystems
   Server Platform
   Server Platform Development
   Smart card support
   Storage Availability Tools
   System Management
   System administration tools
   TeX support
   Technical Writing
   TurboGears application framework
   Virtualization
   Virtualization Client
   Virtualization Platform
   Virtualization Tools
   Web Servlet Engine
   Web-Based Enterprise Management
   X Window System
   iSCSI Storage Client
Available Language Groups:
   Afrikaans Support [af]
   Albanian Support [sq]
   Amazigh Support [ber]
   Assamese Support [as]
   Azerbaijani Support [az]
   Basque Support [eu]
   Belarusian Support [be]
   Bengali Support [bn]
   Bhutanese Support [dz]
   Brazilian Portuguese Support [pt_BR]
   Breton Support [br]
   Bulgarian Support [bg]
   Catalan Support [ca]
   Chhattisgarhi Support [hne]
   Chichewa Support [ny]
   Chinese Support [zh]
   Coptic Support [cop]
   Croatian Support

---

   Czech Support [cs]
   Danish Support [da]
   Dutch Support [nl]
   English (UK) Support [en_GB]
   Esperanto Support [eo]
   Estonian Support [et]
   Ethiopic Support [am]
   Faroese Support [fo]
   Fijian Support [fj]
   Filipino Support [fil]
   Finnish Support [fi]
   French Support [fr]
   Frisian Support [fy]
   Friulian Support [fur]
   Gaelic Support [gd]
   Galician Support [gl]
   German Support [de]
   Greek Support [el]
   Gujarati Support [gu]
   Hiligaynon Support [hil]
   Hindi Support [hi]
   Hungarian Support [hu]
   Icelandic Support [is]
   Indonesian Support [id]
   Interlingua Support [ia]
   Irish Support [ga]
   Italian Support [it]
   Japanese Support [ja]
   Kannada Support [kn]
   Kashmiri Support [ks]
   Kashubian Support [csb]
   Kazakh Support [kk]
   Khmer Support [km]
   Kinyarwanda Support [rw]
   Konkani Support [kok]
   Korean Support [ko]
   Kurdish Support [ku]
   Latin Support [la]
   Latvian Support [lv]
   Lithuanian Support [lt]
   Low Saxon Support [nds]
   Luxembourgish Support [lb]
   Macedonian Support [mk]
   Maithili Support [mai]
   Malagasy Support [mg]
   Malay Support [ms]
   Malayalam Support [ml]
   Maltese Support [mt]
   Manx Support [gv]
   Maori Support [mi]
   Marathi Support [mr]
   Mongolian Support [mn]
   Myanmar (Burmese) Support [my]
   Nepali Support [ne]
   Northern Sotho Support [nso]
   Norwegian Support [nb]
   Occitan Support [oc]
   Oriya Support [or]
   Persian Support [fa]
   Polish Support [pl]
   Portuguese Support [pt]
   Punjabi Support [pa]
   Romanian Support [ro]
   Russian Support [ru]
   Sanskrit Support [sa]
   Sardinian Support [sc]
   Serbian Support [sr]
   Sindhi Support [sd]
   Sinhala Support [si]
   Slovak Support [sk]
   Slovenian Support [sl]
   Somali Support [so]
   Southern Ndebele Support [nr]
   Southern Sotho Support [st]
   Spanish Support [es]
   Swahili Support [sw]
   Swati Support [ss]
   Swedish Support [sv]
   Tagalog Support [tl]
   Tamil Support [ta]
   Telugu Support [te]
   Tetum Support [tet]
   Thai Support [th]
   Tibetan Support [bo]
   Tsonga Support [ts]
   Tswana Support [tn]
   Turkish Support [tr]
   Turkmen Support [tk]
   Ukrainian Support [uk]
   Upper Sorbian Support [hsb]
   Urdu Support [ur]
   Uzbek Support [uz]
   Venda Support [ve]
   Vietnamese Support [vi]
   Walloon Support [wa]
   Welsh Support [cy]
   Xhosa Support [xh]
   Zulu Support [zu]
Done
[iyunv@zyl /]# yum groupinstall "NFS file server" -y
      #########安装NFS。
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
Setting up Group Process
Checking for new repos for mirrors
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-70.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: nfs-utils-lib >= 1.1.0-3 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libtirpc >= 0.2.1-11 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: keyutils >= 1.4-4 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: rpcbind for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: python-argparse for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgssglue.so.1(libgssapi_CITI_2)(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgssglue for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libevent for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libtirpc.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnfsidmap.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgssglue.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libevent-1.4.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
---> Package nfs4-acl-tools.x86_64 0:0.3.3-8.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package keyutils.x86_64 0:1.4-5.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: keyutils-libs = 1.4-5.el6 for package: keyutils-1.4-5.el6.x86_64
---> Package libevent.x86_64 0:1.4.13-4.el6 will be installed
---> Package libgssglue.x86_64 0:0.1-11.el6 will be installed
---> Package libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.1-11.el6 will be installed
---> Package nfs-utils-lib.x86_64 0:1.1.5-11.el6 will be installed
---> Package python-argparse.noarch 0:1.2.1-2.1.el6 will be installed
---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-12.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package keyutils-libs.x86_64 0:1.4-4.el6 will be updated
---> Package keyutils-libs.x86_64 0:1.4-5.el6 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved

===========================================================
Package           Arch     Version           Repository
                                                     Size
===========================================================
Installing:
nfs-utils         x86_64   1:1.2.3-70.el6    base   334 k
nfs4-acl-tools    x86_64   0.3.3-8.el6       base    43 k
Installing for dependencies:
keyutils          x86_64   1.4-5.el6         base    39 k
libevent          x86_64   1.4.13-4.el6      base    66 k
libgssglue        x86_64   0.1-11.el6        base    23 k
libtirpc          x86_64   0.2.1-11.el6      base    82 k
nfs-utils-lib     x86_64   1.1.5-11.el6      base    68 k
python-argparse   noarch   1.2.1-2.1.el6     base    48 k
rpcbind           x86_64   0.2.0-12.el6      base    51 k
Updating for dependencies:
keyutils-libs     x86_64   1.4-5.el6         base    20 k

Transaction Summary
===========================================================
Install       9 Package(s)
Upgrade       1 Package(s)

Total download size: 774 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/10): keyutils-1.4-5.el6.x86_64.r |  39 kB     00:00     
(2/10): keyutils-libs-1.4-5.el6.x86 |  20 kB     00:00     
(3/10): libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.x86_6 |  66 kB     00:00     
(4/10): libgssglue-0.1-11.el6.x86_6 |  23 kB     00:00     
(5/10): libtirpc-0.2.1-11.el6.x86_6 |  82 kB     00:00     
(6/10): nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_ | 334 kB     00:00     
(7/10): nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-11.el6. |  68 kB     00:00     
(8/10): nfs4-acl-tools-0.3.3-8.el6. |  43 kB     00:00     
(9/10): python-argparse-1.2.1-2.1.e |  48 kB     00:00     
(10/10): rpcbind-0.2.0-12.el6.x86_6 |  51 kB     00:00     
-----------------------------------------------------------
Total                      184 kB/s | 774 kB     00:04     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : libgssglue-0.1-11.el6.x86_64           1/11
  Installing : libtirpc-0.2.1-11.el6.x86_64           2/11
  Updating   : keyutils-libs-1.4-5.el6.x86_64         3/11
  Installing : keyutils-1.4-5.el6.x86_64              4/11
  Installing : rpcbind-0.2.0-12.el6.x86_64            5/11
  Installing : python-argparse-1.2.1-2.1.el6.noarc    6/11
  Installing : libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.x86_64           7/11
  Installing : nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-11.el6.x86_64      8/11
  Installing : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64        9/11
  Installing : nfs4-acl-tools-0.3.3-8.el6.x86_64     10/11
  Cleanup    : keyutils-libs-1.4-4.el6.x86_64        11/11
  Verifying  : keyutils-libs-1.4-5.el6.x86_64         1/11
  Verifying  : libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.x86_64           2/11
  Verifying  : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64        3/11
  Verifying  : keyutils-1.4-5.el6.x86_64              4/11
  Verifying  : rpcbind-0.2.0-12.el6.x86_64            5/11
  Verifying  : nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-11.el6.x86_64      6/11
  Verifying  : libgssglue-0.1-11.el6.x86_64           7/11
  Verifying  : nfs4-acl-tools-0.3.3-8.el6.x86_64      8/11
  Verifying  : libtirpc-0.2.1-11.el6.x86_64           9/11
  Verifying  : python-argparse-1.2.1-2.1.el6.noarc   10/11
  Verifying  : keyutils-libs-1.4-4.el6.x86_64        11/11

Installed:
  nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-70.el6                          
  nfs4-acl-tools.x86_64 0:0.3.3-8.el6                     

Dependency Installed:
  keyutils.x86_64 0:1.4-5.el6                              
  libevent.x86_64 0:1.4.13-4.el6                           
  libgssglue.x86_64 0:0.1-11.el6                           
  libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.1-11.el6                           
  nfs-utils-lib.x86_64 0:1.1.5-11.el6                     
  python-argparse.noarch 0:1.2.1-2.1.el6                  
  rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-12.el6                           

Dependency Updated:
  keyutils-libs.x86_64 0:1.4-5.el6                        

Complete!
[iyunv@zyl /]# rpm -aq nfs-utils portmap rpcbind            
rpcbind-0.2.0-12.el6.x86_64
nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
[iyunv@zyl /]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
Starting rpcbind:                                         [  OK  ]
[iyunv@zyl /]# ps -ef|grep rpc
rpc       2802     1  0 08:35 ?        00:00:00 rpcbind
root      2806  1490  0 08:36 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto rpc
[iyunv@zyl /]#
[iyunv@zyl /]#
[iyunv@zyl /]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind  status
rpcbind (pid  2802) is running...
[iyunv@zyl /]# rpcinfo -p localhost（本机的地址）     ####查看中介有没有房源（形象的比方） ，就是查看本机有没有房源
   program vers proto   port  service
    100000    4   tcp    111  portmapper
    100000    3   tcp    111  portmapper
    100000    2   tcp    111  portmapper
    100000    4   udp    111  portmapper
    100000    3   udp    111  portmapper
    100000    2   udp    111  portmapper    ####综上都没房源。对外用111端口     
[iyunv@zyl /]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind  stop
Stopping rpcbind:                                         [  OK  ]
[iyunv@zyl /]# rpcinfo -p localhost     
rpcinfo: can't contact portmapper: RPC: Remote system error - Connection refused               #######rpc服务没有开。主机这个报错==>>这是自己测试
[iyunv@zyl /]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind  start
Starting rpcbind:                                          [  OK  ]
[iyunv@zyl /]# rpcinfo -p localhost
   program vers proto   port  service
    100000    4   tcp    111  portmapper
    100000    3   tcp    111  portmapper
    100000    2   tcp    111  portmapper
    100000    4   udp    111  portmapper
    100000    3   udp    111  portmapper
    100000    2   udp    111  portmapper      
[iyunv@zyl /]# /etc/init.d/nfs start           启动nfs服务
Starting NFS services:                                     [  OK  ]
Starting NFS quotas:                                       [  OK  ]
Starting NFS mountd:                                       [  OK  ]
Starting NFS daemon:                                       [  OK  ]
Starting RPC idmapd:                                       [  OK  ]
[iyunv@zyl /]# rpcinfo -p localhost       #####启动rpc服务之后出现端口   
   program vers proto   port  service
    100000    4   tcp    111  portmapper
    100000    3   tcp    111  portmapper
    100000    2   tcp    111  portmapper
    100000    4   udp    111  portmapper
    100000    3   udp    111  portmapper
    100000    2   udp    111  portmapper
    100011    1   udp    875  rquotad
    100011    2   udp    875  rquotad
    100011    1   tcp    875  rquotad
    100011    2   tcp    875  rquotad
    100005    1   udp  48811  mountd
    100005    1   tcp  46451  mountd
    100005    2   udp  50017  mountd
    100005    2   tcp  59534  mountd
    100005    3   udp  52072  mountd
    100005    3   tcp  43258  mountd
    100003    2   tcp   2049  nfs
    100003    3   tcp   2049  nfs
    100003    4   tcp   2049  nfs
    100227    2   tcp   2049  nfs_acl
    100227    3   tcp   2049  nfs_acl
    100003    2   udp   2049  nfs
    100003    3   udp   2049  nfs
    100003    4   udp   2049  nfs
    100227    2   udp   2049  nfs_acl
    100227    3   udp   2049  nfs_acl
    100021    1   udp  48251  nlockmgr
    100021    3   udp  48251  nlockmgr
    100021    4   udp  48251  nlockmgr
    100021    1   tcp  34676  nlockmgr
    100021    3   tcp  34676  nlockmgr
    100021    4   tcp  34676  nlockmgr
[iyunv@zyl /]# chkconfig nfs on         ###自启动
[iyunv@zyl /]# chkconfig rpcbind on
[iyunv@zyl /]# chkconfig --list nfs      ###检查
nfs             0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
[iyunv@zyl /]# chkconfig --list rpcbind  ###检查
rpcbind         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
[iyunv@zyl /]# more /etc/init.d/nfs         ###看脚本，主要看rpc和nfs服务启停的时间
#!/bin/sh
#
# nfs           This shell script takes care of starting and stopping
#               the NFS services.
#
#

# description: NFS is a popular protocol for file sharing across networks.
#              This service provides NFS server functionality, which is \
#              configured via the /etc/exports file.
# probe: true
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nfs

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nfs
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $syslog $rpcbind
[iyunv@zyl /]# more /etc/init.d/rcpbind
/etc/init.d/rcpbind: No such file or directory
[iyunv@zyl /]# more /etc/init.d/rpcbind
#! /bin/sh
#
# rpcbind       Start/Stop RPCbind
#
# chkconfig: 2345 13 87
# description: The rpcbind utility is a server that converts RPC program \
#              numbers into universal addresses. It must be running on the
\
#              host to be able to make RPC calls on a server on that machi
ne.
#
# processname: rpcbind
# probe: true
# config: /etc/sysconfig/rpcbind


# This is an interactive program, we need the current locale
[ -f /etc/profile.d/lang.sh ] && . /etc/profile.d/lang.sh
# We can't Japanese on normal console at boot time, so force LANG=C.
if [ "$LANG" = "ja" -o "$LANG" = "ja_JP.eucJP" ]; then
[iyunv@zyl /]# ll /etc/exports      ### nfs 的配置文件

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jan 12  2010 /etc/exports
[iyunv@zyl /]# cat  /etc/exports    ### 配置文件默认为空  
[iyunv@zyl /]# mkdir /data   ###创建共享目录
mkdir: cannot create directory `/data': File exists    ###已经存在
[iyunv@zyl /]# ll /data/
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 111 Jun 20 06:54 html_2016-06-20.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 156 Jun 24 07:41 www_2016-06-24.tar.ga
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 156 Jun 25 02:00 www_2016-06-25.tar.ga
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 111 Jun 24 07:20 www_bak_5.tar.ga

[iyunv@zyl /]# vim /etc/exports
#shared data for bbs by zhang at 2016627   == >>不要忘记写注释
/data 10.0.0.0/24(rw,sync)             ###r读 w写 ro只读
~                                             sync是写到磁盘，如果是async那就是写到缓存               

~                                                                    
"/etc/exports" 2L, 68C written                     
[iyunv@zyl /]# cat /etc/exports
#shared data for bbs by zhang at 2016627
/data 10.0.0.0/24(rw,sync)
[iyunv@zyl /]# /etc/init.d/nfs reload（别用restart重启，要用此：平滑重启）    #####重启服务   
[iyunv@zyl /]# vim/etc/init.d/nfs   ==>>nfs的脚本，进去/reload.

#!/bin/sh
#
# nfs           This shell script takes care of starting and stopping
#               the NFS services.
#
# chkconfig: - 30 60
# description: NFS is a popular protocol for file sharing across netw
orks.
#              This service provides NFS server functionality, which
is \
#              configured via the /etc/exports file.
# probe: true
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nfs

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nfs
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $syslog $rpcbind
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $syslog $rpcbind
:/res
        rval=$?
        [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && RETVAL=$rval
        if [ -n "$RQUOTAD" -a "$RQUOTAD" != "no" ]; then
                status rpc.rquotad
                rval=$?
                [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && RETVAL=$rval
        fi
        ;;
  restart)
        $0 stop
        $0 start
        ;;
  reload | force-reload)
        /usr/sbin/exportfs -r
        [ -f /var/lock/subsys/nfs ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nfs
        ;;
  probe)
        if [ ! -f /var/lock/subsys/nfs ] ; then
[iyunv@zyl /]#
[iyunv@zyl /]#
[iyunv@zyl /]# /etc/init.d/nfs reload == exportfs -r    ###可以认为等价
[iyunv@zyl /]# showmount -e localhost               ########先在本机检查，然后客户端检查。-e：显示NFS服务器的输出清单
Export list for localhost:
/data 10.0.0.0/24
[iyunv@zyl /]#
=======================================================
接下来就是分别server和client上测试：
[iyunv@zylserver /]# cd /data
[iyunv@zylserver data]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody root 111 Jun 20 06:54 html_2016-06-20.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody root 156 Jun 24 07:41 www_2016-06-24.tar.ga
-rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody root 156 Jun 25 02:00 www_2016-06-25.tar.ga
-rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody root 111 Jun 24 07:20 www_bak_5.tar.ga
[iyunv@zylserver data]# rm html_2016-06-20.tar.gz
rm: remove regular file `html_2016-06-20.tar.gz'? y
[iyunv@zylserver data]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody   0 Jun 26 01:00 ddd
-rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody root      156 Jun 24 07:41 www_2016-06-24.tar.ga
-rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody root      156 Jun 25 02:00 www_2016-06-25.tar.ga
-rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody root      111 Jun 24 07:20 www_bak_5.tar.ga
[iyunv@zylserver data]#
========================================================
遇到的问题总结：
1.
[iyunv@zyl /]# showmount -e localhost
clnt_create: RPC: Program not registered
解决方法：
由于网络原因nfs服务被中断，重新开启nfs服务然后在客户端重新mount
service nfs restart 或 /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs restart

2.有关NFS客服端开机自启动挂载：a b：
a:
[iyunv@nfsserver data]# which mount
/bin/mount

vi /etc/rc.local
/bin/mount -t nfs 192.168.21.128:/data /nfsdir/     ***用全路径吧。
***这种挂载方式不会影响系统开机
b:
vi  /etc/fstab
你现在可以动手测试。反正我的测试结果是挂载不了，且总结为:不要在 /etc/fstab中配置网络文件系统，本地的文件系统是可以的:fstab启动优先于网络。

3.查看挂载信息：
a.grep data（挂载目录）/proc/mounts   
b.mount /proc/mounts

4.
[iyunv@zylclient mnt]# mount -t nfs 192.168.21.128:/date /mnt
mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting 192.168.21.128:/date
仔细检查server端口：/etc/exports

5.
[iyunv@zylclient nfsdir]# showmount -e 192.168.21.128         
clnt_create: RPC: Port mapper failure - Unable to receive: errno 111 (Connection refused)
解决：
[iyunv@zyl data]# /etc/init.d/nfs status
rpc.svcgssd is stopped
rpc.mountd (pid 3026) is running...
nfsd (pid 3041 3040 3039 3038 3037 3036 3035 3034) is running...
rpc.rquotad (pid 3022) is running...
[iyunv@zyl data]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind status
rpcbind (pid  3123) is running...
[iyunv@zyl data]# rpc.mountd          ####关键于此
[iyunv@zyl data]# showmount -e

Export list for localhost:
/data 192.168.21.131/24

[iyunv@zylclient nfsdir]# showmount -e 192.168.21.128
Export list for 192.168.21.128:
/data 192.168.21.131/24

6.防火墙开启导致
[iyunv@zylclient nfsdir]# showmount -e 192.168.21.128
clnt_create: RPC: Port mapper failure - Unable to receive: errno 113 (No route to host)

解决：
[iyunv@zyl data]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:     

[iyunv@zylclient nfsdir]# showmount -e 192.168.21.128
Export list for 192.168.21.128:
/data 192.168.21.131/24        

7.[iyunv@zylclient mnt]# mount -t nfs -o nosuid,rw  192.168.21.128:/data /mnt
mount.nfs: Stale file handle
解决：1.是由于server端共享的目录在共享期间做出了移动目录，又创建了同名字的目录导致的，即在共享期间对该共享目录进行了移除操作，只需要在客户端重新挂下就OK 。2.mount -a：把所有的分区挂载信息重新mount 一边，之后在查看nfs分区挂载正常。
8..exportfs：
1）exportfs -rv =/etc/init.d/nfs reload   
2）举例：
[iyunv@nfsserver data]# exportfs -o sync,rw 192.168.21.0/24:/d==不用重启nfs
不用vi /etc/exports 要重启，是修改的配置生效。
============================================================